Furnace



Oct. 20, 1931. I M 1,827,946

' FURNACE Filed Feb. 2a, 1921 s Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 20, 1931. 'K A,MAYR 1,827,946

. FURNACE Filed Feb. 26, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 K. A. MAYR Oct. 20,1931.

FURNACE Filed Feb. 26, 1927 s Sheets-Sheet s Za 'T tlillOIl', andln'wh ch one side or the 133111151011 ls'cooled by incoming combustion air andthe V of.afurnaceembodying the features of'my.

Patented Oct. 20, 1931 ARLf-'. ,IIILAYR.QC QEQCAQQ, LLIN IS]; l

Application med.rep a as;isznf seria n6. nines.

, The present invention relates to improve" ments in furnaces, and n partlcular fur naces forheating colls or-tubes; such as wa-- ter heater coils-or steam generator coils.

' 7 An important object of the invention resides in the provision of a new and improved furnace in which there-will be efficient and complete combustion offuel. 5

-' Another ob'ect is to provi le a'novel-fur- 19 nace in'which the fueland thecombustion air are delivered'to the combustion chamber in'a mannerqsuch that a homogeneous fuel 1 mixture is quicklyobtained, in which a higli' ignition temperature isimaintained, and in j 335 which a long fiame travelis provided. 1

means for keeping the-inside of: the fire walls at a low temperature.

25 Still. another object is'to provide 7 novel -furnace in which the incoming'combustion air cools thewalls of the combustion z'onegiin which the incoming combustion. air is preheated by passingrover', and hence cooling,

39 the outer walls of thecombustion-chamber,

andby absorbing heat from the wasteprod ucts of combustion in a .heatexchanger and in which the heating'coils for absorbing the heat of combustion" arearranged to cool the V inner surfaces of thefurnace walls; A more specific objectresides-in the provision of a novel furnacein which the comlOU SiQIOIIi chamber is divided into'twofi ntercommunicating parts I by an "upstanding: pan

, same plane as Fig. 1.

"n11 modifications and alternative construc Fig -QQ a' transverse vertical sectional view taken along line 2-2 ofEig. 1'.- a

g- 3visva fi'agmentaryview of one side j v Fig. 4' is a horizontal 'ectlonal view the front end oftheffurnace.

along line 4;+4:-ofFig. 1." Fig. 5 is a vertical. sectional view along line 5:5v of Fig. 2. L j I Fig. 6 isaplanview on a re'duced'scalek ke'n Fig. 7'is a horizontalsectional view t along line 77of' Fig.1. V

Fig; 8 is a fragmentary bottom viewof the V "furnace.

Fig.9 is a fragmentary; sectional view o-f'a modification; the .vi'ew being taken fin the w i the invention is as'ce sbie Q5 va; rims-modifications and alternativeconstruc- 1 v t 1ons,-I have shown in the drawings and will not-thereby intend to limitthei invention t the; specific form disclosed-butintend to cover" 7 tions falling withint he spirit and scopeof the invention; asrexp ssed the-appe e 1 claims?? e Referring to the exemplaryv embodiment i of the. invention; the furnace comprises a 1 combustion chamber 10 of asuitable shape having bottom, front, top, .rear and side fire walls ll to -15 respectively, Y The front wall 12 comprises a section 16 which is inset. and which is inclined iipwardly and rearwardly. These walls may be constructed or made of any suitablei material adapted to withstand high temperatures. In'the, present instance; the bottom, front and top walls, since they are 1 exposed to the highesttemperatureaare con- Istr'ucted outo-f refractory material and the 2-1 rear and sidewalls; since they are cooledf'as will be hereinafter' described, are constructed spreilferably out of metal, such as cast iron or I herein describe in" detail the preferred emf .7 "bodimen't, but it is-to be understoodthat Ido I The combustion chamberlbis two mainchambers lOFand-lOhwhich re }P ilf ii enill;gr ss lev wit i hei wei 9 1 v edge of the front wall section 16. The front surface of the partition 17 isinclined at a slight angle upwardly and rearwardly. The

front combustion chamber 10 is designed to produce and maintain a high ignition temperature for the fuel regardless of the amount of fuel consumed and of load variations; and i the chamber 10 is provided'mainly to provide' the necessary space to secure complete;

combustion of the fuel at high loadsfl.

Any suitable fuel, such as oil or coal,"may

' be burned in the furnace. Preferably, powdered coal isdelivered by a suitable coal feeder 18 from a suitable coalbunlzer orhop- ,Per .lQ't-hrough a, spout 20 into the chamber 10 "Thelhopper '19 rests against theffront ,Wall section 16,. The fuel enters the front of thechamber 10 'at point approximately two-thirds of the total height ofthechamber above the bottom wall 11, and falls downly into he combustion zone.

1 Combustion airis supplied to the chamber 10" below the spout 20 through aplurality of spaced ports21 in the front wall 12 from an air chamber 22 built on the outside of the wall. The ports '21 are spaced substantially over the entire area of the lower section of the wall 12, and open laterally of the -wall into the chamber 10 Incoming air serves to keep the wall 12relativelyjcool. Secondary combustion air is supplied to the rearaofthe "combustion chamber ,10? through a plurality "ofport's 23from an 'air'chamber24'in the partitioni17. The ports'23 open at and are spaced substantially f over the entire area; of

V the front surface ofthe'partitionfl. Incom- 7 ing 'air-serves'to-lreepthe front surface of the partition 171 relatively e5 1. Opposite 'sides of air chambers 22 .a nd12tare connected by sultable'air ducts 2f5flln the'presentfin- "stancefthesefducts are formed in lower re fractory. sections 15 of theside walls'15 if As the p wdereaeoaiiraiis fromithe spout d *biistion resultsl Thev incoming fuel is immediatlely subjected to heat 'ra'jdia Jed from the "upwardly traveling products of combustion, andhe at reflected from the 'frontfinclined surface (a separation 17; The cdilSllllCtliill' rovidesaiong aaaaaavassaanae can;

"20mm the chamber io a "mixes with the combustion air, and starts to burn. The'incoming jets or airffrom the ports: 21attack the downwardly directed flame andfuelimixture, and turnbrdefiect them to the rear;

The incoming jets-of airlfrom the ports 23 then attack the flame, and turn or deflect it upwardly to sweep over the upperiedge of the partition 17 downwardly into the chamber 10"; By admittinga large number of jets of j air distributed over aclarge' areainto the chamber 10 andby so introducing the fuel :Withreference'tO the airjets'as togicause. a swirling meson of the combustible tmizrture "in the combustion Zone, a homogeneous mix ture is obtained, and quick andelficient .con'ihorizontal and preferably rectangular chainvbers 28 extending along opposite sides of the chamber-1O tothe front of the furnace. From thefront ends of the chambers 28, the gases pass upwardly through two chambers 29,

then through a plurality of closely spaced tubes or fiues 30 extending longitudinally through a pair of chambers 31, and then through a chamber 32 overlying "thechamber 27 intoa suitable stack 33. 'A fan34' may be provided to create-a forced draft.

The walls of the chambers 27 28 30,

preferably, are constructed out-of ordinary steel or chromium steel plates, The structuresofthe chambers 28 rest on suitable supporting means projecting outwardly from'the 7 side wall sections 15 Preferably-these supporting means take the form ofledges cont prising aplurality of floor plates 35 resting on channel frameworks 36." i

' An outer furnace wall 37 suitable heat insulating material encloses the top, rear and sides of the furnace, and provides a narrow air space 38 over the top wall 13, a narrow rear air space 3 9, and narrow sideair spaces 10. These air spaces intercommunicate,and open into'the rear ends of' the-iair chambers 31, Thelower' end of the rear air space 39 -opens 'totheatmosphere through ports 41 ('seeFi'g, 8). gThe side-spaces open to the atmosphere at the front and through a plu rality of'ports 42 (see Fig. 8) in the plates 35 at the bottom; r The front ends'of the chambers 31 open through air ductsfor passages 43 tothe chamber 22. Combustion air thus passes through the spaces 39 and 40, then through the chambers31, and then through the ducts 4:3-t0 the chamber 22, and in so doing theoutside'walls of the chambers 27 and '28, the inside Walls15 of the chambers 31, the

top wall 13, and the products of combustion passing through-thetubes30 are cooled; As

a result, the combustion air is preheated, and the chimney gases-are relatively cool.

Due to the red ced velocity of the gases of combustion in the chamber 10]., the ashes fall to the bottom, :The lower-'wallll of the chamber 10? is' inclined upwardly from Q each side-to the centerso lasto cause the ashes to j gather at the sides from where the ashes can be' ea'sily removed throughsuitable: cleanoutdoorsftt. V I a Pipe or tube coils 45 adaptedto have water i then about the chamber or other fluids circulated therethrou'gh are more tube lines: Eachfline is woundin a' series of substantially'yertical laterally 'disfirst about the chamber and 10 and then in series of inclined loops downwardly about the posed loops nest of tubes in thechamber 10 In thepresyentin'stance, I'haveprovided three'tube lines chamber 27 and rest at heavy load fluctuations chamber 10, in

46, 47 and .8. These lines are arranged in parallel so as to permit theliquid to=flow* th'erethrough-with a velocity most favorable to heat transmission, and so'as to reduce the lengthof fiow'of the liquidto reduce friction losses; Flow through the fluid :linesmay be in either directiontosecure a counterflow or a parallel flow. PreferablyI have'arranged the tubes to secure aparallel flow withthe {products of combustion" since-this arrange-- tubes and best serves ment results incool'er The inletends of the tube lines extend through suitable openings (not shown) in the walls of thefurnace,

and are adapted'to be-connected in any suitable system utilizing the heated liquid orvapor leaving the coils-4 5. The lower sides of the loops in the chamber 10 are arranged in sets of threesuperimposed in a vertical plane, so as to provide a series of'space's 50adapted to permit the ashes tofallito the bottom wall 11 in the chamber 10; A similar construction (see Fig.9) may be employed in the hich-event saidichamber is providedwith clean-out doors 51;; The loops are arranged in close relation so as to substantially cover the. surfaces referred to, and do not obstruct the interior of the chamber 10. The liquid in thecoils 45, thus serves to cool the surfaces. r I The heat of combustion may be utilized for a large variety of purposes; Thus, the coils 15 maybe water heater coils or may be steam generator coils; In the present'instaricmthe coils form part of a steam generator. It

is to be understood that the Specific type of steam generator involved is immaterial.

The ends of the tube lines 46, 4:7 and 48 project through the opening 26 in the rear wall. of the chamber 10, and

respectively to three nests of steam superlieater coils 52, 53 and 54:- The steam superheater coils 52 span the upper end of the p their ends on the supports 35. The steam superheater coils'53' and 54 are'respectively positioned in the chambers 28. r

It will be evident that I have provided a construction in whichthe walls of the furnace chamber are' cooled on the insideby the coils provided tofabsorb' the heatoffcome' bustion, .of combustion.

and on the outside incoming air lVaste heat inthe products locomotives or steam cars.

are connected combustion chamber, means A for admitting fuel to said chambenmneans for admit-ting air to said chamber and Ta-plurality of cooling :pipes adapted to have afiuid circulated there,- through wound in closely spaced loops about f v said chamber-to} cover thel side, it'o'p 'a'nd. bot- 5 V 10f combustion-isutilized tofpreheat the 'com-, v 'bustion air and to superheat thesteam' passing through the 'superheater, coils 52 to The furnace is extremelycompact H By preheat ng and is especially: adapted for 'useainsteamf the air of combustion, by obtaining ahomoa geneous fuel; mixture in the :combustion chamber 10*, and by providing a long flame travel, extremely ei iicient combustion results. i

.Iclaim as my invention:

i 1; A furnace having, in combination,..'an

inverted U-shaped combustion 'chambe'r, I

means for admitting fuel in the upper front Q part of "saidchamber and .in a downward-f direction, means for admitting air to th e'front andrear sides of the front section of said chamber, said means being distributed ,over

substantial portions of said sides and means for drawing-off the products of combustion from the/lower end of'the rear-section of said chamber. Y

partition wall dividing said chamber into 2. A-"furnace having, in' combination, a combustion chamber, a trans'verse upstandlng front and rear chambers,communicating at their upper ends, the front side of said wall. being straight and inclined upwardly and rearwardly, saidpartition wall being formed with an inner airchamberyand with'a pluralityzof air ports'opening'from said air cham 1 ber into said front combustion chamber, a means for delivering fuel into the front and near-thetopof said front combustion cham- 1' i "3 .-A furnace having, in combination, aI

and

ber, and in a generallydownwardfdirection;

combustion chamber, an upstan ding'partition 1 wall dividing said chamber into. front and rear chambers communicatingover said-wall,

i'the', front wall of said front chamber being formed with. an upper offset'and rearwardly inclined section, means atth'e base of said .section for discharging fuel downwardly into said. front chamber, the front surface of said. ipartiti-on wallbeinginclined upwardly and rearwardly, an air. chamber formed-in said front'wall'below said section, a plurality of I ports opening from said-air chamber through i :said frontwall to said "front chamber, an air -chamber formed in said partition wall, and a plurality of ports opening from said last, f

mentioned air chamberto said front'chamber. 4 A.-furnacei-having, in combination, a

tom fire walls; fsaid loops 'bleint: grouped at their bottom, thefbottomlengths of the mem bers' ofeach igroupbeing superimposed'in a" verticalplaneto provide spacesfor permit-If ting-ashes tofall to the floor ofSthe chamber) 2' furnace] having; in combination; a I i combustion: chamber; a vertical upstanding partition in said chamberdividing said'chamher. nto front andprear S6Ct1OIlS, means for delivering fuel tosaid; frontlsection, air ports in the front side. of'said partition for deliver ing combustion air to said front sect1on,sa1d

side beinguncovered by pipes," and a plurality of closely spaced pipes positioned next to theinner surfaces of saidchamber and the rear-side of said partition. h l a 6. A furnace having,- in combination, a

combustion chamber, a vertical upstanding partition in" said chamber dividing sai chamber into front and rear sections, means for delivering fuel to said front section,

' air ports in the front side of said parti- 'tion andopening tos'aid front section, a

"exchange means positioned adjacent and plurality of pipes Wound'about the inner surfaces of said chamber and over the rear side-of said partition, means for conducting air over the outer surfaces of the Walls of said combustion chamber to said ports, heat [along the outside'of the Walls of said cham be! for transferring heat from the products of combustion to said'ainand means for d1- 'recting the products of combustion to said {heat exchange means;

7. A furnace having, in combination, a chamber, a central partition dlvidlng the chamber into front and rearchambers, means for adinittlng fuel to sald front chamber,

means fora'drnitting air to said front cham berysteam generating pipes positioned in closelys'paced relation over the inner surfaces of certain of: the alls of said chambers,

the outer sides of the Walls of said chamber, a heat exchange means positioned alongthe 1 f outer sidesof said chamber and over said superheater's positioned horizontally; along superheaters, meansfor directing -waste "gases from said combustion chamber through said .superheaters and then through said heat exchange means, an outer Wall enclosing said furnace, and definmg an a1r space about the larger section, Water and steam [carrying tube coils," said coils. constituting a substantial portion of the Wallsof said sections, and ash discharge means at the bottomjof the smaller 7 section, said ash discharge means being ac- CQSSlblQ'fI'OIIl' both sides, and comprlslng a floor sloping downwardly toward "each side.

10. A steam generator comprising, in combination, a combustion chamber, an-upstanding partition dividing said chamber into two sections, one section being larger than the other, fuel and air supply means fordischarging into the larger section, convection chambers located a longs desald combustion chamber, Water and steam co1ls1n said combustion chamber, said coils constitutingasubstantial portion of the Walls of said combustion chamber, and also constituting the inner Walls of said convection chambers. 1

- 11; A steam generator comprising, in combination, a furnace, a partition dividing said i a furnace lnto front and rear chambers, means for supplying fuel and air to one of said chambers, means for removing ashes, from the bottom of the other of said chambers, a convection chamber located outside and along the-end Wallof said second chamber, an

absorbing. tubes located in the upper part of said convection chamber, the lowerpart of said convection chamber being unobstructed. if;

In testimony whereof, Ihave hereuntoaffixedmy signature.w V r v a n KARL A MAYR.

Walls of said chamber, and means for direct 'ing air from said space through said heat exchange means to said air admitting means.

, and rear chambers communicating over said 8. A. furnace having, in combination, a

"combustion chamber, an upstandingpartition wall: dividingfsaid chamber into front Wall,mea ns for delivering fuel into said front chamber, an air chamber formed in the front wall ofisaid front'chamber, a pluralityof ports opening. from said air chamber through said front Wall to said front chamber, an air chamber. formed in saidpartition- Wall, and a plurality of ports opening from said last Wall dividing said chamber-into two sections,

one sectionlbeing larger than the otheryfdel a j and fair j supply means discharging into i-the'f -men tioned air chamberto said'front chamber. -9. Asteamgenerator comprlsl'ng, in com- .bln'atlon,"a combustion. chamber, a partition 

